Past results of research and development expenditure
Consolidated accounts
Non-consolidated accounts
The trend of research and development expenditure
| Years ended May 31 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated accounts | 109（7.4％） | 108（7.4％） | 105（7.8％） | 123（8.7％） | 111（7.4％） |
| Non-consolidated accounts | 95（9.2％） | 91（8.7％） | 86（8.8％） | 107（10.3％） | 96（9.1％） |
*The ratio of development costs to net sales is shown in parentheses.
